New applications of the hreversal trajectory using solar sails. Long mission times are usually necessary to complete a heliocentric transfer with a solar sail, due to the small thrust level that may be got from such a propulsion system johnson et al. This analytic model blends directly to a methodology to estimate the forces and moments coecients. Introduction solar sails are also called light sail or photon sail use radiation pressure for propulsion radiation pressure. In that context, optimization methods are mostly divided into two categories, either indirect or direct methods conway, 2012. Included along with the plugin are the stk high precision orbit propagator hpop v8. Proceedings of the 10th world congress on intelligent control and automation, 191195. Pdf although the solar radiation pressure decreases with the square of solar distance, solar sails enable missions to the outer solar system and even. Pdf logarithmic spiral trajectories generated by solar sails. Midcourse trajectory correction for solar sail starships. Estimation of solar sail force model in space is the key factor for successful solar sail navigation because the solar sail have large uncertainty due to the flexible membrane. Potential solar sail degradation effects on trajectory and. Using a solar sail, a spacecraft orbit can be offset from a central body such that the orbital plane is displaced from the gravitational center. Solar sail trajectory optimization for the solar polar imager spi mission.
Investigating the design space for solar sail trajectories in the. The methods suggested here for correcting timing errors in the start of a solar sail s interstellar trajectory are certainly not exhaustive. Design of solar sail trajectories with applications to. This model will here be denoted as model npr nonperfect re. Generating solar sail trajectories in the earthmoon system. Although trajectory design within the context of the earthmoon restricted problem is advantageous for this problem. Rather than unfurling the sail at the start of its interstellar trajectory, the sail would be appropriately oriented in respect to the sun at perihelion.
The quest to explore the moon has helped resolve scientific questions, has spurred leaps in technology development, and has revealed earths celestial companion to be a gateway to other destinations. Study of earthmoon trajectories with solar sail propulsion by david canales garcia the computation of earthtomoon trajectories constitutes an important and interesting chapter of spacecraft trajectory design. Also explore the seminar topics paper on solar sails with abstract or synopsis, documentation on advantages and disadvantages, base paper presentation slides for ieee final year mechanical engineering me or production automobile students for the year 2019 2020. New applications of the hreversal trajectory using solar. The earthmars transfer trajectory optimization of solar sail. Solar sails seminar report, ppt, pdf for mechanical. As a new potential mission application for the reversal trajectories, the periodic double angular momentum reversal trajectory solar inverse orbit will be introduced in this part. Solar sail trajectory optimization for the solar polar imager. The topics addressed here are how to use solar sail with lightness number higher than one, why are rectilinear trajectories interesting and what can be the applications of such navigation scenarios. Within the area of orbital dynamics, methods relevant to transfer trajectory design and nonkeplerian orbit generation are discussed.
Numerical methods to generate solar sail trajectories geoffrey g. Escape trajectories of solar sails and general relativity. Solar sail research is quite broad and multidisciplinary. A useful analogy to solar sailing may be a sailing boat. Fekete submitted to the department of aeronautics and astronautics on september 6, 1991 in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of master of science. Pdf analysis of interplanetary solar sail trajectories. Carl sauer then to use the large available solar radiation pressure. The complete endtoend trajectory acts as an initial guess for a corrections process that incorporates a solar sail force model into the circular restricted threebodyproblem sscr3bp. This solar sail integrated simulation toolkit ssist will be able to predict, recalibrate and optimize the trajectory, maneuvers and propulsive performance of a sail during 2 representative flight mission. Pdf analysis of interplanetary solar sail trajectories with.
This assumption, while not quite achievable, does serve to define the upper limit for sail performance. Solar observations and potential earth trojan exploration rohan sood. Finally, controllers for maintaining a solar sail on a nominal trajectory are provided. Optical solar sail degradation ossd in the real space environment is to a considerable degree inde. Pezent, andrew heatonyand rohan soodz the presented trajectory design study demonstrates that nearfuture solar sails can. Trajectory design for jovian trojan asteroid exploration via solar power sail by takanao saiki1, osam mori1 and junichiro kawaguchi1 1the institute of space and astronautical science, jaxa, sagamihara, japan jaxa has been preparing for a trojan asteroid exploration mission via solar power sail. Solar sail trajectory optimization for the solar polar imager spi mission bernd dachwald. The aim of this paper is to provide a systematic study concerning the possibility of inserting a solar sail based spacecraft into a heliocentric logarithmic spiral trajectory without using any. New applications of the hreversal trajectory using solar sails this article has been downloaded from iopscience.
One potential application is the use of a sail as a communications relay for a. Since they have few moving parts and use no propellant, they can potentially be used numerous times for delivery of payloads. Solarsail trajectory design for a multiple nearearth. Based on the physics, a number of spaceflight missions to test solar propulsion and navigation have been proposed since the 1980s. Aiaa 20056176 aiaa guidance, navigation, and control conference and exhibit 15 18 august 2005, san francisco, california solar sail trajectory optimization for intercepting, impacting, and deflecting nearearth asteroids bernd dachwald. V requirements by leveraging the solar radiation pressure. Solar sail spacecraft subsystem breakdown trajectory and may also prove useful during the sail aerocapture maneuver at mars.
Solar sail trajectory optimization for the solar polar. Pdf optimal solar sail trajectories for missions to the outer solar. Solar sail trajectory optimization for the solar polar 2006. An ideal plane solar sail is assumed throughout this paper. Trajectory design for a solar sail mission to asteroid 2016 ho3 7 september 2019 astrodynamics, vol.
Spiral trajectory to a close solar polar orbit ecliptic projection ac 0. Solar sail hybrid trajectory optimization for nonkeplerian. Solar sail navigation basics mission analysis for solar sail trajectories is not a simple task compared to ordinary ballistic. The solar polar imager spi mission is one of several sunearth connection solar sail roadmap missions currently envisioned by nasa. A multiple nearearth asteroid rendezvous mission with closeup observations of several objects can help to improve the characterization of these asteroids.
The objective was to find the required control torque magnitudes in order to steer a solar sail in interplanetary space. The above requirements dictate trajectories that are much more energetic than any that have been previously flown and appear most attractive using solar sails as. For the earthmercury trajectory shown in figure 1, the maximum acceleration delivered by the sail at 1 au solar distance referred to as the characteristic. Solar sail definition for this trajectory definition study, the solar sail is modeled as a perfectly reflecting flat surface. Quarta1, daniele romagnoli2 and christian circi3 1 department of aerospace engineering university of pisa, pisa italy 2 german aerospace center institute of space systems gnc department, bremen germany. The traditional techniques based on hohmann maneuvers and patched conics allowed the fast transfer of the apollos to our natural. The lightness number of the sail is used to describe the solar radiation pressure acceleration that can be expressed as. Abstract this thesis presents a trajectory design for a solar sail journey from. German aerospace center dlr, cologne, germany although the solar radiation pressure decreases with the square of solar distance, solar sails enable missions to the outer solar system and even beyond. Solar sail timeoptimal trajectory optimization using. This thesis presents a trajectory design for a solar sail journey from lowearth orbit to an intercept location behind the moon. The object of a solar sail heliopause mission is to place a spacecraft on a trajectory that will reach 100 to 200 au in 10 to 20 years in the direction of the solar apex at. This study investigates the trajectory analysis of small solar sail demonstration spacecraft.
Trajectory design for a solarsail mission to asteroid 2016. Solar sail trajectory design for a multiple nea rendezvous. German aerospace center dlr, 51170 cologne, germany. Following the introduction to solar sailing we progress onto a discussion of solar sail orbital dynamics in a planetcentred environment. Contingency target assessment, trajectory design, and. Even with a smaller sail 32 square meters, lightsail 2s acceleration will be about ten times that of ikaros. Within the area of attitude control, different control strategies, including utilisation of solar radiation pressure and conventional actuators, are. As a basis of the solar inverse orbit, a time optimal control.
Numerical methods to generate solar sail trajectories geo. Pdf solar sail trajectory optimization for the solar. Solar sails also called light sails or photon sails are a method of spacecraft propulsion using radiation pressure exerted by sunlight on large mirrors. Pdf most interplanetary spacecraft have used finite burns to escape earths orbit and be captured by their destinations gravity. Morimoto3, hiroshi takeuchi3 and makoto yoshikawa3 1 department of space and astronautical science, the graduate university for. Trajectory design for jovian trojan asteroid exploration. Pdf optimal interplanetary trajectories for solar sail. With a renewed focus on returning to the moon in this decade, alternatives to chemical propulsion systems are becoming attractive methods to efficiently use scarce resources and support extended. Some sheets contain data for two or more similar sails, usually. New applications of the hreversal trajectory using solar sails 867. However, at present there is no consensus on how one can mathematically model forces and moments acting on a. Solarsail trajectory design for multiple nearearth asteroid.
In the same paper, an inverse solar sail trajectory problem is described, generalizing what presented by mcinnes 18 by taking into account a lessperformant solar sail. Validation of solar sail simulations for the nasa solar sail. This work explores the design of a solar sail spacecraft for such a mission, focusing on the search of possible sequences of encounters and the trajectory optimization. Aas 19541 innovative solar sail earthtrailing trajectories enabling sustainable heliophysics missions james b. The set of the orbital angularmomentum reversal, or hreversal, sailcraft trajectory was born as a type of unconventional precursor interstellar mission trajectory by using highperformance solar sails. Solar sail craft offer the possibility of lowcost operations combined with long operating lifetimes. Solar sailing dates back to tsiolkovsky, tsander, and oberth in the 1920s. Solar sails were created as a new form of satellite propulsion which uses the radiation pressure of the light from the stars or a laser to push ultrathin mirrors to high speeds. Optimal solar sail trajectory approximation with finite. Then is accelerated by a solar light to up 11 kms in opposed. Solar sails for space exploration the development and. This study investigates the trajectory analysis of small solar sail demonstration spacecraft ikaros considering the uncertainty of solar radiation pressure.
Pdf solar sail trajectory optimization for the solar polar. The mission trajectory types the mission trajectory types considered were simple ballistic trajectories with radial and asymptotic thrust vectors, hohmanna transfers, and the. Solar sail trajectory design in the earthmoon circular. The software which is referred to as s5 solar sail spaceflight simulation sofiare has capabilities for solar sail mission design.
Even though a solar sail in an escape trajectory is close to the sun for only a short time, perturbations to its motion during this period when the outward acceleration due to. Results suggest that nea scout can still perform asteroid rendezvous mission under. Explore solar sails with free download of seminar report and ppt in pdf and doc format. To be further studied by using the ssct andor the s5. To assess the performance of solarsail propulsion for this mission, the trajectory is also designed assuming the use of solar electric propulsion. German aerospace center dlr, 51170 cologne, germany bong wie arizona state university, tempe, az 85287, usa a. Optimal solar sail trajectories for missions to the outer. Trajectory analysis of solar sail spacecraft considering the large uncertainty of solar radiation pressure tomohiro yamaguchi1, yuya mimasu2, yuichi tsuda3, ryu funase3, hirotaka sawada3, osamu mori3, mutsuko y. German aerospace center dlr, 82234 wessling, germany andreas ohndorf german aerospace center dlr, 51170 cologne, germany bong wie arizona state university, tempe, az 85287, usa. In a first part, it is intended to leave the earths vicinity where the. Theory of solar light sail the pressure p on a flat perfect reflector is given by. For a solar sail, srp is exploited as a primary means of propulsion and, thus, may signi. The solar sail trajectory was simulated by lgarde using stk astrogator with a plugin developed by applied defense solutions ads containing the solar sail propagator. Incorporatingthe solar sail in the cr3bp potentially lowers the.
Trajectory design for solar sailing from lowearth orbit to the moon by thomas a. A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree. When the solar sail is deployed, the spacecraft is inserted into a logarithmic spi ral trajectory where, as stated, it sweeps an angle equal to. Solar sail trajectories for solar polar and heliopause. Modeling, estimation, and trajectory control by leonel riosreyes chair. Howell purdue university, west lafayette, indiana email protected abstract solar sail trajectory design often requires a transition from analytical models. Furthermore, l4,l5 mayharborearthtrojansandspace dustthatareofsigni. It was proposed in the 1970s for solar sail trajectory. Nevertheless, optical degradation is important for high. Once this is done, the arti cial equilibrium points are obtained, which are then used to examine case studies. After these probes have been released, the sail part would be even lighter and would then be able to escape the solar system. Optimal solar sail trajectories for missions to the outer solar system bernd dachwald.
Small reflective structures known as sail vanes were also included at the tips of the sail booms for quick response attitude control during the orbit raising portion of the solar sail function. Constants used in this writeup name description value m 1 1011m, s 1 107s r e radius of earths solar. Trajectory design for jovian trojan asteroid exploration via. The development of solar sail trajectory generation is presented, from earth. The system consists of combining the circular restricted threebody problem crtbp with a solar radiation pressure model to accurately simulate a real solar sail. The set of the orbital angularmomentum reversal, or hreversal, sailcraft trajectory was born as a type of unconventional precursor interstellar mission trajectory by using highperformance solar. The standard optical solar sail models that are currently used for trajectory and attitude control design do not take optical degradation into account, hence its potential e. Not surprisingly, a solar sail trajectory is therefore often studied within an optimal framework, by looking for the control law that minimizes the total transfer time. Such a trajectory might be desirable for a singlespacecraft relay to support communications with an outpost at the lunar south pole. Solarsail trajectory design for multiple nearearth. Pezent and others published near earth asteroid nea scout solar sail contingency trajectory design and analysis find, read and cite all the research you need on. Trajectory optimization and applications using high. Solar sail, ask latest information, solar sail abstract,solar sail report,solar sail presentation pdf,doc,ppt,solar sail technology discussion,solar sail paper. The effects of curved spacetime on solar sails in bound orbits has recently been considered 7,8.
Solar sails use a phenomenon that has a proven, measured effect on aerodynamics. Study of earthmoon trajectories with solar sail propulsion. Solar sailing trajectory design of the spi mission by carl sauer courtesy of jpl. However, this study is focused on flybys only and twodimensional dynamics are taken into account for the solar sail motion. Scheeres there has been great interest in developing solar sail technology and missions by several international space agencies in recent years. We present a new approach to the problem of optimal control of solar sails for lowthrust trajectory optimization. Solar sail trajectory optimization for intercepting. In this paper, the pressure of solar light acting on the solar sail is analyzed, and the kinematic equation of the solar sail is established in polar coordinate system first.
The new design incorporates ablative laser propulsion for trajectory. This was the first interplanetary solar sailing mission, traveling to venus and onward on a trajectory to the far side of the sun. A better approximation for the modeling of the sail, like that used in solar. Solar sail mission requirements this report consists of a set of one. Solar sail dynamic model the planar and perfectly reflecting model of the solar sail is assumed in this paper.
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